A role for glutathione in muscle contraction PY1970 IR94 IR95

A role for glutathione in muscle contraction PY1970 IR94 IR95

A role for glutathione in muscle contraction PY1970 IR94 IR95

“A role for glutathione in muscle contraction”

Neutrophil and glutathione, 穀胱甘肽

The glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (類風濕性關節炎) PY2001 IR95

The glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (類風濕性關節炎) PY2001 IR95

在 類風濕性關節炎 發病過程中的 穀胱甘肽 防禦系統

資訊來源 2023-0612：

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11180282/

#湯偉晉挑選的醫學論文

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J Appl Toxicol

2001 Jan-Feb;21(1):69-73.  doi: 10.1002/jat.736.

The glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

在 類風濕性關節炎 發病過程中的 穀胱甘肽 防禦系統

M Q Hassan  1 , R A Hadi, Z S Al-Rawi, V A Padron, S J Stohs

Affiliation

1 Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.

PMID: 11180282  DOI: 10.1002/jat.736

Abstract

In order to assess a possible role of the natural glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (類風濕性關節炎) (RA), serum reduced glutathione levels (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and indexes of inflammation were evaluated in 58 rheumatic patients. 

重點

Rheumatoid athritis was associated with significant depletion (ca. 50%) in GSH levels compared with normal control subjects. Serum levels of the detoxifying enzymes GSR and GSH-Px decreased by ca. 50% and 45%, respectively, whereas a threefold increase in the activity of GST was observed. 

A 1.2-fold increase in ALP was observed in patients with RA. These effects were accompanied by a 3.1-fold increase in serum MDA content. The MDA content was higher in RA patients who were seropositive for rheumatoid factor as well as positive for C-reactive proteins. 

重點

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate for all patients with RA was approximately 13.8-fold higher than for the control group, and was higher among RA patients who were positive for C-reactive proteins and exhibited seropositivity for rheumatoid factor. 

Patients with RA receiving gold therapy exhibited significantly lower MDA levels whereas all other factors that were measured were not effected. 

重點

The results support a hypothesis that defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species are impaired in RA.

Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Mechanisms of photosensitization PY1983 glutathione IR95

Mechanisms of photosensitization PY1983 glutathione IR95

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Photochem Photobiol

. 1983 Dec;38(6):745-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb03610.x.

Mechanisms of photosensitization

A W Girotti

PMID: 6366837  DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb03610.x

No abstract available

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GSH

Cellular glutathione peroxidase in human brain: cellular distribution, and its potential role in the degradation of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies PY2008

Cellular glutathione peroxidase in human brain: cellular distribution, and its potential role in the degradation of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies PY2008

Cellular glutathione peroxidase in human brain: cellular distribution, and its potential role in the degradation of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies PY2008

這是真的嗎？ 2023-0514 星期日

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S-Glutathionylation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Health Outcomes PY2011 IR95 Glutathione as a biological redox buffer

S-Glutathionylation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Health Outcomes PY2011 IR95 Glutathione as a biological redox buffer

資訊來源：

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110090/

## 

Glutathione as a biological redox buffer.

重要重點

Glutathione as a biological redox buffer. The ratio of GSH/GSSG reflects the redox capacity of the cell. The ratio is kept in balance through oxidation/reduction reactions involving GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase. Reactive oxygen species-/reactive nitrogen species-induced changes that decrease GSH lead to cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. 

GP, GSH peroxidase; GR, GSH reductase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione.

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重要重點

Intracellular GSH levels are governed by the rate of de novo GSH synthesis and export. GSH cannot freely cross the cell membrane and as such there are GSH transporters in some tissues and enzymes that facilitate catalysis and uptake. In general, GSH must be catabolized via a salvage pathway and the constitutive amino acids brought into the cell for subsequent de novo synthesis. 

重點

To date, only one enzyme is known to facilitate this process. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a cell surface heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed at high levels in kidney tubules, biliary epithelium, and brain capillaries (112). GGT catalyzes the degradation of extracellular GSH, hydrolyzing the γ-glutamyl bond between glutamate and cysteine and releasing the product cysteinyl-glycine (CG) and glutamate. CG is cleaved by the membrane-bound dipeptidase to cysteine and glycine (Fig. 2). The resulting cysteine can be transported into the cell. This salvage supplements the constitutive amino acids required for de novo synthesis, achieved by sequential catalytic steps involving γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase. The γ-GCS reaction represents the committed step in the biosynthesis and is subject to feedback inhibition by GSH, but cysteine is rate limiting. Reactions of GSH can be subdivided into those involving the γ-glutamyl and those of the sulfhydryl of cysteine. The amino terminal peptide bond is formed through the γ-carboxyl of the glutamate residue. This bond is resistant to degradation by serum proteolytic enzymes and this allows interorgan transport of GSH.

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Measurement of electron density and temperature in an annular magnetically confined cold-cathode plasma of helium by optical emission spectroscopy PY2022 中國，氦氣，氦原子，電子的密度

Measurement of electron density and temperature in an annular magnetically confined cold-cathode plasma of helium by optical emission spectroscopy PY2022 中國，氦氣，氦原子，電子的密度

資訊來源：

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pop/article/29/1/013511/2847872/Measurement-of-electron-density-and-temperature-in

德國的博士論文：

Electron Density in a Helium Discharge Plasma

https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/49398667/bachelorarbeit_christian_kuechler.pdf

關鍵字詞：

electron density map, helium

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RESEARCH ARTICLE JANUARY 28 2022

Measurement of electron density and temperature in an annular magnetically confined cold-cathode plasma of helium by optical emission spectroscopy

Hao Sun  ;  Yushi Zhang  ;  Lingxiao Li  ;  Yi Wu;  Mingzhe Rong

 Crossmark: Check for Updates

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: wuyic51@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Physics of Plasmas 29, 013511 (2022)

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067380

Magnetically confined cold-cathode plasmas in monatomic gases like helium can be used in a variety of devices and applications. In this paper, the radial distribution of electron temperature and electron density in cold-cathode helium plasmas constrained by an annular magnetic field were studied by optical emission spectroscopy. Helium plasma was generated under different pressures (7.5, 10, and 20 Pa) and values of current (23.5 and 33 mA). The spectral lines of He I 667.8 and He I 501.6 nm were studied and the Stark broadening method was applied to obtain the radial distributions of electron temperature and electron density. The results indicate that higher radial gradients or peak values of both electron density and electron temperature could be achieved with increasing operating pressures and discharge currents. It was found that the electrons were mainly concentrated in the area of the localized cusp magnetic field near the cathode surface and the electron density decreased rapidly as with the decrease in the magnetic field.

Topics

Electron density, Doppler effect, Integral transforms, Stark effect, Chemical elements, Cold cathodes, Optical emission spectroscopy, Gaussian broadening, Gas discharges, Plasmas

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identify chemicals with radio frequencies - nuclear quadrupole resonance (MRI without magnet)

## 2023-0419 湯偉晉日期

重要的科學技巧

使用無線電頻率來鑑定或是辨識化學物品

identify chemicals with radio frequencies - nuclear quadrupole resonance (MRI without magnet)

開始_電腦翻譯的中文  

識別具有無線電頻率的化學物質 - 核四極共振（無磁鐵的 MRI）

結束_電腦翻譯的中文 

https://youtu.be/JO_EHceV9sk

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identify chemicals with radio frequencies - nuclear quadrupole resonance (MRI without magnet)

identify chemicals with radio frequencies - nuclear quadrupole resonance (MRI without magnet)

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Glutathione and Vitamin C

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Mitochondria (粒線體) 2023-0417

Mitochondria (粒線體) 2023-0417

Mitochondria (粒線體) 2023-0417

Mitochondria (粒線體) 2023-0417

Requirement of glutathione for Sod1 activation during lifespan extension; PY2011; USA (美國);_IR95_

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2023-03-14
Requirement of glutathione for Sod1 activation during lifespan extension; PY2011; Brazil (巴西);_IR95_V001R01_
Source or References (資訊來源或是參考的資訊):
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20737429/
Info cited on 2023-03-14-WD2 (資訊引用於 中華民國112年西元2023年3月14日) by 湯偉晉 (WeiJin Tang)
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Requirement of glutathione for Sod1 activation during lifespan extension

January 2011Yeast 28(1):19-25
DOI:10.1002/yea.1817
SourcePubMed
Authors:
Sérgio C Mannarino
Leonardo Vilela
Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
Aline Araújo Brasil
Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino
Juliana N Aranha

Abstract
It has been shown that the activation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only dependent on Ccs1, which is responsible for insertion of copper into the enzyme catalytic center, and that glutathione (GSH) is not necessary for this process. In this work, we addressed an important role of GSH in Sod1 activation by a Ccs1-dependent mechanism during oxidative stress and its role in yeast lifespan. Exponential cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, treated or not with 0.5 mM menadione for 1 h, were used for evaluation of the effect of a mild oxidative stress pre-treatment on chronological lifespan. The results showed that menadione induced a lifespan extension in the wild-type (WT) strain but this adaptive response was repressed in gsh1 and in sod1 strains. Interestingly, menadione treatment increased SOD1 and CCS1 gene expression in both WT and gsh1 strains. However, while these strains showed the same Sod1 activity before treatment, only the WT presented an increase of Sod1 activity after menadione exposure. Glutathionylation seems to be essential for Sod1 activation since no increase in activity was observed after menadione treatment in grx1 and grx2 null mutants. Our results suggest that GSH and glutathionylation are fundamental to protect Sod1 sulfhydryl residues under mild oxidative stress, enabling Sod1 activation and lifespan extension.
Begin_電腦自動翻譯的內容_Y2023M03D14H15M26Rn5692_
(請注意：電腦自動翻譯的內容，可能會夾雜一些錯誤！)
已經表明，釀酒酵母中胞質超氧化物歧化酶 (Sod1) 的激活僅依賴於 Ccs1，後者負責將銅插入酶催化中心，而穀胱甘肽 (GSH) 對於該過程不是必需的。 在這項工作中，我們探討了 GSH 在氧化應激期間通過 Ccs1 依賴性機制激活 Sod1 的重要作用及其在酵母壽命中的作用。 釀酒酵母的指數細胞，用或不用 0.5 mM 甲萘醌處理 1 小時，用於評估輕度氧化應激預處理對時間壽命的影響。 結果表明甲萘醌誘導野生型 (WT) 菌株的壽命延長，但這種適應性反應在 gsh1 和 sod1 菌株中受到抑制。 有趣的是，甲萘醌處理增加了 WT 和 gsh1 菌株中的 SOD1 和 CCS1 基因表達。 然而，雖然這些菌株在治療前表現出相同的 Sod1 活性，但只有 WT 在甲萘醌暴露後表現出 Sod1 活性的增加。 穀胱甘肽化似乎對 Sod1 激活至關重要，因為在 grx1 和 grx2 無效突變體中甲萘醌處理後未觀察到活性增加。 我們的研究結果表明，GSH 和穀胱甘肽化是在輕度氧化應激下保護 Sod1 巰基殘基的基礎，能夠激活 Sod1 並延長壽命。
End_電腦自動翻譯的內容_Y2023M03D14H15M26Rn5692_
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